About Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet
Cold-rolled steel sheet — is a type of steel produced by re-rolling hot-rolled steel at room temperature. In short: it is thinner, smoother, and more precise 👍
Chemical Composition (Average values):
| Element | Quantity (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.02-0.12 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.20-0.60 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.30 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 |
| Iron (Fe) | Remainder |
Mechanical Properties (Approximate):
| Property | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Yield Strength | 140-280 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 270-410 MPa |
| Elongation | 28-40% |
| Hardness | 50-70 HB |
Main Features:
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Surface is very smooth and shiny
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High dimensional accuracy
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Mechanical strength is much higher than hot-rolled
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Thickness range usually: 0.3 - 3 mm
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Easy to paint and galvanize
Where is it used?
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Automotive Bodies
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Home Appliances (washing machines, refrigerators)
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Metal Furniture, Cabinets
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Ventilation Ducts
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Precision Metal Parts
Advantages:
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High-quality appearance
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Precise dimensions (ideal for pressing and stamping)
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Strong despite being thin
Limitations:
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More expensive than hot-rolled
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Requires more care during welding
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May contain internal stress (sometimes causes warping)
About Hot-Rolled Steel Sheet
Hot-rolled steel sheet — is a type of sheet produced by rolling steel at high temperatures (~ 1100-1250°C). Let's briefly but comprehensively explain the subject below:
What is Hot-Rolled Steel?
The steel slab is heated and rolled between rollers to form a thin sheet. Due to high temperatures:
- Steel forms easily
- Internal stresses are low
- Surface is relatively rough
Chemical Composition (Typical - low carbon):
| Element | Quantity (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.05-0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30-1.60 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.50 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Iron (Fe) | Remainder |
Mechanical Properties (Average):
| Property | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Yield Strength | 235-355 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 360-510 MPa |
| Elongation | 20-26% |
Dimensions:
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Thickness: 1.2-100 mm
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Width: 1000-2500 mm
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Length: 2000-12000 mm
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Form: sheet or coil
Where is it used?
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Metal Structures
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Bridges, Buildings
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Shipbuilding and Rail Car Manufacturing
Advantages:
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Cost-effective
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Highly suitable for welding
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High strength
Limitations:
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Surface is not smooth
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Dimensional accuracy is lower compared to cold-rolled
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Requires surface preparation for direct painting
About Galvanized Steel Sheet
Galvanized steel sheet (zinc-coated steel) — is a corrosion-resistant metal material obtained by coating the surface of a steel sheet with a layer of zinc (Zn). The zinc coating protects the steel from rust and significantly extends its service life.
- Steel is immersed in a bath of molten zinc
- Zinc layer is thick and durable
- Ideal for outdoor weather conditions
- Zinc coating is applied using electric current
- Surface is smoother and more aesthetic
- Mostly for interior and decorative applications
Main Features:
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High corrosion resistance
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Long service life (20-50 years depending on the environment)
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Mechanical strength + protective effect of zinc
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Zinc coating is usually indicated in g/m2:
- Z100-Z275 (most common range)
- Example: Z275 ≈ 275 g/m2 (both sides combined)
Where is it used?
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Roofing and Facades
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Ventilation Ducts
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Automotive Industry
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Home Appliances
Advantages:
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Strong rust protection
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Low maintenance costs
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Can be used unpainted
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Protection continues even at cut edges
Limitations:
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More expensive than ordinary steel
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Special care required during welding
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Electro-galvanizing is weak outdoors
About Color-Coated Steel Sheet
Color-coated steel sheet (prepainted / color coated steel sheet) — is a ready-to-use material obtained by applying paint layers under factory conditions onto galvanized or alu-zinc coated steel. It provides both corrosion protection and a decorative appearance.
- Steel base
- Zinc or Al-Zn coating (e.g., Z275, AZ150)
- Primer
- Top coat
- (Sometimes) Back protective paint
Paint Types:
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PE (Polyester) - most common, affordable price
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SMP (Silicon Modified Polyester) - better UV and scratch resistance
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PVDF - highest quality, retains color for many years
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PU/HDP - for industrial and aggressive environments
Typical Technical Indicators:
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Thickness: 0.3-1.2 mm
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Paint Thickness:
- Top coat: 15-25 microns
- Back coat: 5-10 microns
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Zinc Coating: Z100 - Z275 or AZ
Main Features:
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High corrosion resistance
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Ready colored surface - no additional painting needed
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Good formability (profile, wave, trapezoid)
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Long service life
Where Is It Used?
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Roofing (metal tile, trapezoid)
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Facade Panels
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Warehouse and Industrial Buildings
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Fences and Gates
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Household and Office Structures
Advantages:
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Aesthetic and clean appearance
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Fast installation
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Low maintenance costs
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Wide color selection (RAL catalog)
Limitations:
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Paint can be damaged during cutting and assembly
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Low-quality paint fades quickly under UV light
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More expensive than ordinary galvanized steel
About Tread Steel Sheet
Tread steel sheet (Checkered plate) — is a steel plate with raised patterns (lines, teardrop/diamond shapes, etc.) on its surface. These patterns make it slip-resistant and mechanically more practical, and it is widely used in construction, flooring, reference parts, and other industrial sectors.
Chemical Composition (Typical):
| Element | Quantity (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.05-0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.25-1.20 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.05-0.30 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.05 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.04 |
| Iron (Fe) | Remainder |
Physical & Mechanical Properties:
The patterned feature is mainly related to the surface relief; the core mechanical values come from the material itself.
| Property | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Density | ~ 7.85 g/cm 3 |
| Tensile Strength | 370-510 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 235-355 MPa |
| Elongation (A) | 20-28 % |
| Hardness | approx. 120-180 HB |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~ 50 W/m⋅K |
| Electrical Conductivity | moderate (lower than pure iron) |
Technological Features:
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Weldability: very good
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Formability (bending, cutting): good
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Slip Resistance: high due to the patterned surface
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Corrosion Resistance: poor - usually requires galvanizing, painting, or coating
Where Is It Used?
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Stairs, platforms, bridge walkways
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Vehicle bodies, trailer flooring
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Factory and warehouse flooring
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Technical and industrial structures
Advantages:
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Slip-resistant - Textured surface increases safety in wet, oily, or dusty environments.
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High Strength - Resistant to impact and heavy loads.
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Durable - Wear-resistant, reliable in industrial conditions.
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Versatile Use - Stairs, platforms, ramps, truck flooring, etc.
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Easy Maintenance - Local repairs are possible in case of mechanical damage.
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Aesthetic Effect - Provides a "technical" look in industrial design.
Limitations:
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Weight - Heavier compared to plain (smooth) sheets.
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Price - Can be expensive due to the patterned manufacturing process.
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Cleaning Difficulty - Dirt can accumulate between the reliefs.
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Formability Limitation - Not suitable for deep bending and intricate work.
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Corrosion Risk - May rust if protective coating (galvanizing, paint) is absent.
